Understanding Addiction and Dependence
3. Answer B. Addiction is psychological dependence leading to persistent
and increased use of the substance or behavior and, when discontinued,
causes distress and urges to resume use despite adverse consequences.
Dependence is characterized by the repeated use of a substance for
physical needs leading to increased tolerance and, when discontinued,
results in physical withdrawal symptoms. Tolerance is a condition in
which repeated administration of the dosage causes a decreased effect
despite increasingly larger doses, which are required to obtain the effect
observed in the initial dosage. Withdrawal is a substance-specific cluster
of signs and symptoms that occur when reducing or stopping the
consistent use of the substance.
4. Answer C. Tolerance is a condition in which repeated administration of
the dosage causes a decreased effect despite increasingly larger doses
which are required to obtain the effect observed in the initial dosage.
Understanding Addiction and Dependence
Dependence involves repeated substance use.
It leads to increased tolerance.
When stopped, it causes withdrawal symptoms.
Addiction is psychological dependence.
It leads to persistent substance use.
Stopping causes distress and strong urges.
Withdrawal is a specific cluster of symptoms.
It occurs when reducing or stopping use.
Alcohol use disorder shows significant impairment.
It meets two or more DSM-5 criteria.
Withdrawal syndrome includes symptoms from stopping use.
Caffeine intoxication needs over 250 mg.
It causes central nervous system excitatory symptoms.
Understanding Addiction and Dependence
Insomnia is characterized by a persistent
pattern of interrupted sleep and may be a primary problem or secondary
concern induced by alcohol use.
6. Answer B. Therefore, Neuroadaptation is the physiologic process caused by a
physical change in the body due to repeated exposure to a substance.
Cognitive restructuring is a psychotherapeutic process of learning to
identify and dispute irrational thoughts. Moreover, Neurogenesis is the growth and
development of neurons. Cerebral ischemia is brain tissue death caused
by insufficient blood flow. APA
