Factors Affecting Drug Efficacy
Distinguish internal and external environment factors affecting drug action, reaction, efficacy, and interaction.
When considering drug action, reaction, efficacy, and interaction, both internal and external environmental factors play significant roles. Here’s a breakdown of these factors:
Internal Environment Factors
- Genetic Factors
- Pharmacogenomics: Individual genetic makeup can affect how a person metabolizes drugs, leading to variations in drug efficacy and potential adverse reactions.
- Enzyme Activity: Variations in enzyme expression (e.g., cytochrome P450 enzymes) can influence drug metabolism rates.
- Physiological Factors
- Age: Age can impact drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). For example, elderly patients may have decreased liver function, affecting drug clearance.
- Gender: Hormonal differences can influence drug metabolism and efficacy. For instance, women may metabolize certain medications differently than men due to hormonal fluctuations.
- Health Status
- Comorbid Conditions: Existing health conditions (e.g., liver or kidney disease) can affect drug metabolism and excretion, altering efficacy and risk of toxicity.
- Nutritional Status: Malnutrition or obesity can influence drug distribution and response. For example, body fat percentage can affect the volume of distribution of lipophilic drugs…
When considering drug action, reaction, efficacy, and interaction, both internal and external environmental factors play significant roles. Here’s a breakdown of these factors:
Internal Environment Factors
- Genetic Factors
- Pharmacogenomics: Individual genetic makeup can affect how a person metabolizes drugs, leading to variations in drug efficacy and potential adverse reactions.
- Enzyme Activity: Variations in enzyme expression (e.g., cytochrome P450 enzymes) can influence drug metabolism rates.
- Physiological Factors
- Age: Age can impact drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). For example, elderly patients may have decreased liver function, affecting drug clearance.
- Gender: Hormonal differences can influence drug metabolism and efficacy. For instance, women may metabolize certain medications differently than men due to hormonal fluctuations.
- Health Status
- Comorbid Conditions: Existing health conditions (e.g., liver or kidney disease) can affect drug metabolism and excretion, altering efficacy and risk of toxicity.
- Nutritional Status: Malnutrition or obesity can influence drug distribution and response. For example, body fat percentage can affect the volume of distribution of lipophilic drugs…
